Thermal Analysis of Foods

Many food products can be analyzed by thermal analysis as to certain effects and properties, among which the more important are marked with a spot.

For this experiment, seeds available commercially from a health food store were used.

Conditions

Measuring cell: DSC20

Pan: Aluminum standard, 40 µl, hermetically sealed

Reference: About 40 µl in a sealed pan

Sample preparation: The seeds are milled, aqueous extraction performed at pH 4.5, centrifuged, and the supernatant discarded. The residue is subjected to re-extraction at pH 8.5, the supernatant is evaporated under vacuum until the dry substance content is obtained.

DSC measurement: Heating performed from 30 °C to 110 °C at 5 K/min

Interpretation

Four vegetable proteins of different types were studied in the untreated state. Each of the four curves shows an endothermic peak between 72 °C and 100 °C, which is typical for protein denaturation. A difference is seen in the heat stability and enthalpy of denaturation of the proteins.

The sample weight was comparable for all the samples, as well as the protein concentrations. Thus the peak integrals were in direct correspondence to the specific reaction enthalpies.

The highest temperature sensitivity was seen with spelt, which also has the greatest enthalpy of denaturation. Wheat proteins already undergo denaturation to a great extent at 86 °C, soybean protein remains intact in the main, at this point, and only at 88 °C is it denatured to any significant degree.

Grain and oilseed proteins have enthalpies of denaturation within a range of 3-10 J/g protein. The enthalpy changes with respect to the protein phase. Thus in the native condition of a grain or oilseed the enthalpy of denaturation is lower than when it has been dissolved in aqueous solution.

DSC measurement of denatured protein fraction in processed samples of protein is of better quality if the enthalpy of denaturation of native protein is higher.

The heating rate can be freely selected with DSC which could improve the measurement as well as the detection of the reactions. With a higher rate of heating, the detected signal becomes larger with a larger measured peak. The peak area calculated remains the same under the same conditions of reaction. However, if the rate of heating is high the reaction occurs at elevated temperatures. Cold Chain MOnitoring Is very important in this case. 

DSC can identify vegetable proteins but this is not likely to be widely used in practice, and is also made more difficult by the fact that the reaction enthalpy differs with the protein type and growth conditions. Thus a reference in the form of a native protein must be used when the degree of denaturation is being assessed.

The DSC curve provides a fingerprint of each sample of protein which is characteristic of the condition of the protein in the fraction.

Evaluation

Conclusion

These measurements illustrate that DSC can be used to analyze any product that contains protein. This is more applicable to animal proteins because of their higher concentration of protein (in animal muscle), the greater sensitivity of measurement and their natural state of occurrence in a watery environment.

This information has been sourced, reviewed and adapted from materials provided by Mettler Toledo - Thermal Analysis.

For more information on this source, please visit Mettler Toledo - Thermal Analysis.

Cold Chain RFID Market Is Growing at a 29.1% CAGR During 2018 – 2022; Cold Chain RFID Market Opportunities and Demand by 2022

The global cold chain monitoring with RFID market is expected to grow at a CAGR of 29.1% forecast to 2022. Among the various products, the tags segment accounted for largest share in the global cold chain RFID market. The software and services product segment is expected to witness a considerable growth during the forecast period. The growing demand for real time temperature monitoring in cold chain logistic is expected to boost the growth of the global cold chain with  RFID market during the forecast period.

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The RFID technology in cold chain monitoring is used for tracing and tracking contents, location expiration, and manufacture dates. The data gathered by RFID can be transmitted to the authorities. The food and beverages segment accounted for the largest market share in the global cold chain RFID market in 2015. The pharmaceutical and biomedical segment is expected to witness growth at the fastest rate during the forecast period, owing to the increasing demand of RFID in pharmaceuticals cold chain supply from developing countries, such as India and China. The growing global fisheries import and export is laying ample opportunities for the growth of the cold chain RFID market.

The stringent government mandates for food safety has led to the requirement of specific humidity, temperature, and light requirements while handling food, beverages, and pharmaceuticals products. The producers, transporters, distributors, and warehouse operators are now forced to keep the entire supply chain details for these products. The stringent regulations in developed countries has also forced the major pharmaceuticals, food and beverages exporter countries in Asia-Pacific to follow the mandates, as it is applicable for the entire supply chain. This is driving the growth of the cold chain RFID market in Asia-Pacific.

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Some of the major companies operating in the global cold chain RFID market include Alien Technology, Checkpoint Systems Inc., Impinj Inc., Nedap N.V., RFID4U (eSmart Source, Inc.), Invengo Technology BV, GAO RFID Inc., Tenova Systems,  Avery Dennison Corporation, and Sato Holdings Corporation.





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